Self-control is essential for a life well lived. Slepian, in Self-Regulation and Ego Control, 2016 Conclusion For example, an individual with high self-control will go into an examination well prepared, and so feel less stressed about the risk of failure.Į.J. In this scenario, those high in self-control feel less stressed as they have the resources to combat challenging situations. Third, self-control can act as a buffer against stressors by altering stress appraisals. For instance, a person high in self-control would anticipate that staying for an extra drink after work would lead to an argument with their spouse causing extra stress at home, so they refuse.
Second, self-control might prevent impulses from turning into a stressor, because of an ability to pay heed to warning signs. For example, someone with high self-control would be less likely to face unemployment because they remain vigilant to work opportunities. 31 First, the direct hypothesis proposes that self-control directly predicts exposure to fewer stressors, perhaps due to superior anticipatory coping or avoidance skills. Self-control is thought to be linked to stress in three main ways. Given that self-control is linked to adversity, it is not surprising that self-control is also relevant to stress. 29 Moreover, a bi-directional association exists, whereby low socioeconomic position in childhood predicts low self-control later in life. Further work using data from the UK have added to this literature showing that low self-control in childhood predicts unemployment throughout adulthood. For example, they were more likely than those with high self-control to smoke, leave school without any qualifications, and have unplanned pregnancies. Children low in self-control made mistakes in adolescence that set them on a path of disadvantage and underachievement. Moffitt and colleagues 28 studied 1000 children from birth and showed that childhood self-control predicts physical health, substance dependence, income, and criminal offenses at 32-years of age. Several birth cohort studies have begun to examine the emergence of self-control during childhood and its influence on later health and well-being. It is linked to other concepts such as conscientiousness, self-regulation, and willpower. Self-control research is an emerging field that focuses on the person's ability to suppress impulses (these could be thoughts, emotions, or behaviors) and delay gratification. Poole, in Stress: Concepts, Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior, 2016 Self-Control
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